Il concetto di centralizzazione si riferisce alla distribuzione del potere e dell’autorità in un’organizzazione o in una rete. Quando un sistema è centralizzato, significa che i meccanismi di pianificazione e decisione sono concentrati in un punto particolare del sistema.
Un meccanismo di governo, di regolamentazione, è necessario in qualsiasi sistema. Senza di questo non si possono prendere decisioni che danno direzione al resto della rete. Il livello di governance può andare dalla definizione delle regole fondamentali alla microgestione di ogni funzione del sistema.
In un sistema centralizzato, un punto centrale di potere autorizza e fa rispettare le decisioni, che sono poi passate ai livelli inferiori di potere.
L’opposto di un sistema centralizzato è un sistema decentralizzato, dove le decisioni sono prese in modo distribuito senza il coordinamento di un’autorità centrale.
La questione chiave nel dibattito tra centralizzazione e decentralizzazione è se le specifiche del processo decisionale debbano avvenire in un punto centrale della rete, o essere delegate lontano da qualsiasi autorità centrale.
Ci possono essere diversi vantaggi della centralizzazione:
- La strategia a lungo termine può essere strettamente controllata
- Le responsabilità sono ben definite all’interno del sistema
- Il processo decisionale è veloce e chiaro
- Il potere centrale ha interesse nella prosperità dell’intera rete
Alcuni degli svantaggi della centralizzazione possono essere:
- Errata comunicazione e discrepanze tra il centro e gli altri luoghi
- Alta possibilità di corruzione
- Esigenza di mantenere il potere al livello superiore
- Esclusione degli attori a livello locale con conoscenze o competenze specifiche
Prima della nascita di Bitcoin era un credo comune che fosse impossibile progettare una rete decentralizzata in cui il consenso fosse raggiunto senza inconvenienti significativi.
Tuttavia, con l’introduzione di Bitcoin, una rete decentralizzata è diventata una valida alternativa a quelle centralizzate. Questo ha reso il dibattito tra centralizzato e decentralizzato più elaborato e ha fornito una potenziale alternativa alle strutture di potere esistenti.
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164,00 € (a partire da 24/03/2023 21:25 GMT +00:00 - Altre informazioniProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)HP 302 Nero, F6U66AE, Cartuccia Originale HP da 190 pagine, Compatibile con Stampanti HP DeskJet 1110, 2130 e 3630, HP OfficeJet 3830 e 4650
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